AI will certainly rewire our minds. Let’s pray it will be mostly for good.

Sir, I refer to “Is AI rewiring our minds? Scientists weigh cognitive cost of chatbots.” By David Ovalle, Washington, Post Business, July 6, 2025.

When I asked ChatGPT: "Could you explain why artificial intelligence that has been trained on human intelligence, give answers supposedly “intelligent” humans don’t give?", among other it answered:

Breadth of knowledge – AI synthesizes vast amounts of information from diverse sources quickly, while humans rely on personal experiences, biases, and memory constraints.

Pattern Recognition – AI detects patterns across disciplines, which humans might not consciously connect due to specialization or cognitive limits.

Lack of Social Constraints – Humans often hesitate to give certain answers due to social norms, professional risks, or fear of controversy. AI doesn’t have those limitations (though it does follow ethical guidelines).

Analytical Objectivity – AI approaches problems without emotional bias, whereas humans may let personal beliefs or agendas influence their conclusions.

ChatGPT then commented: “This sometimes leads to answers that are unconventional, overlooked, or unspoken—but still logical”

Sir, all those who know that an AI Inquisition could later have them stand there naked with their emotional biases, cognitive limits, social norms obedience and their fears of controversies evidenced, will certainly start impacting critical thinking.

For good, in much for the reasons previously exposed.

For bad, for diminishing the willingness to express the kind of unrestrained crazy ideas with which, unwittingly, human intelligence thrives.

https://perkurowski.blogspot.com/2025/02/ai-openai-chatgpt-why-does-artificial.html

Who will be stronger, American, Ukrainian or Venezuelan 16 years old?

Sir, I refer to “She just turned 16. The war in Ukraine wrecked her childhood” By Lizzie Johnson and Kamila Hrabchuk, Washington Post January 11, 2024.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn, in his Commencement Address given at Harvard University June 8, 1978 titled “A World Split Apart”, wrote:

“Well-Being: One psychological detail has been overlooked: The constant desire to have still more things and a still better life and the struggle to this end imprint many Western faces with worry and even depression, though it is customary to carefully conceal such feelings.

The individual’s independence from many types of state pressure has been guaranteed; the majority of the people have been granted well-being to an extent their fathers and grandfathers could not even dream about; it has become possible to raise young people according to these ideals, preparing them for and summoning them toward physical bloom, happiness, the possession of material goods, money, and leisure, toward an almost unlimited freedom in the choice of pleasures. So, who should now renounce all this, why and for the sake of what should one risk one’s precious life in defense of the common good and particularly in the nebulous case when the security of one’s nation must be defended in an as yet distant land?

Even biology tells us that a high degree of habitual well-being is not advantageous to a living organism. Today, well-being in the life of Western society has begun to take off its pernicious mask.”

Sir, I now ask, who's going to come out stronger; the average American 16 years old, or 16-year-old Ukrainians, like Kate Kobets?

PS. I recently saw large numbers of young Venezuelans, walking for miles from Guarenas, with heavy backpacks, to reach the center of Caracas, in order to work for a meager salary. This goes for these 16 years old too.

We need Masters in Dialogue with Artificial Intelligence; MDAIs

We need Masters in Dialogue with Artificial Intelligence; MDAIs

I refer to “ChatGPT’s political bias leans liberal, research shows” Gerrit De Vynck, Washington Post, August 18, 2023.

Quoting Soroush Vosoughi it ends with “It’s very unlikely that the web is going to be perfectly neutral. The larger the data set, the more clearly this bias is going to be present in the model.”

Of course, that’s true, at least until the umbilical cord by which Artificial Intelligence is fed by Human Intelligence is cut off. Since that separation would launch humanity into a totally different dimension, let’s pray that does not happen.

That said, if you make ChatGPT – OpenAI a question, and not simply accept blindly its answer, but enter into a dialogue with it, I’ve found that #AI is much more willing than humans to accept mistakes, apologize and change its opinions.

“I apologize for the confusion in my previous response.” is an example of a reply I’ve gotten. 

So, what we need to get the most out of AI, is to learn how to dialogue with it. Universities might have to wake up to the idea that we might need MDAIs much more than MBAs... [and perhaps more than professors and consultants]

Now in direct reference to “bias” , I asked ChatGPT – OpenAI: "Could #AI construct political-bias-index Apps, which in real time indicate where between defined political extremes an opinion article finds itself? Could that refrain, even a little, the dangerous polarization societies are suffering?

The answer I got was a clear “Yes!” to which it added “it's crucial to ensure that the AI algorithms and models used in these apps are transparent, fair, and designed with diverse inputs to mitigate any potential biases. Additionally, promoting a diverse range of perspectives and encouraging open debate within these apps can help avoid further entrenching existing biases and polarization.”

PS. I have chatted a lot with ChatGPT and what's below has to do with what I have argued above.

https://subprimeregulations.blogspot.com/2023/06/ai-chatgpt-openai-should-us-bank.html

https://perkurowski.blogspot.com/2023/07/ai-chatgpt-openai-could-ai-be-used-for.html

@PerKurowski

Before the debt ceiling is lifted, which it must be, Congress must dare to at least pose a question.

Note 1988: "Assets for which bank capital requirements were nonexistent, were what had the most political support; sovereign credits. A ‘leverage ratio’ discouraged holdings of low-return government securities” Paul Volcker

A letter in the Washington Post

Before the debt ceiling is lifted, which it must be, Congress must dare to at least pose a question.

In much of Peter Orszag’s Nov. 22 op-ed, “GOP threats to weaponize the debt limit are dangerous,” one can agree with his conclusion, but when he mentioned, “The evolution of debt is also influenced by the economy, market interest rates and other factors, but those are mostly outside the control of policymakers,” he omitted vital aspects. Let me explain it with a question:

What would the United States’ public debt be in the absence of regulatory subsidies, such as bank capital requirements with decreed risk weights of zero percent against federal government debts and 100 percent against citizens’ debts; copious amounts of Treasury purchases by the Fed with quantitative easing programs; and the preaching by modern monetary theory fans that has definitely promoted a dangerous lackadaisical attitude when discussing the limits of public debt?

Yes, Congress must approve increasing the debt level. It’s too late to do otherwise, but to do so without even trying to answer that question would be to irresponsibly kick the debt can forward and upward with disastrous consequences.

And, by the way, the Supreme Court should look at what the Founding Fathers might have thought about the aforementioned risk weights.

PS. The links displayed above are the ones placed on the web by the Washington Post

http://unsustainabledebtsustainability.blogspot.com/2022/11/before-debt-ceiling-is-lifted-which-it.html

In USA purple and violet are expelled. It is either red or blue.

Amanda Ripley in “America must step out of this self-destructive zombie dance” Washington Post November 1, references an ad by two candidates running for governor of Utah, in which they committed to respect and uphold democratic norms and a peaceful transition of power.

In a world where we hear polarization artists singing “Anyone you hate I can hate better; I can hate anyone better than you.” “No, you can’t “Yes, I can… Yes, I can”, that sounds like a great initiative. 

I would though like to see included a direct reference to the need of respecting the middle ground, the undecided, those swimming in the middle of the river being thrown stones at from both shores.

I speak from personal experience. Decades ago, in my homeland Venezuela, in an Op-Ed I wrote: “I write in green but my readers send me loads of hate mail, based on that they can only read me in yellow or blue.”

In America right now, purple and violet seem prohibited. It is either blue or red, and both blue and red polarization profiteers seem to love it that way.

PS. https://perkurowski.blogspot.com/2010/05/speakers-corner-speakers-have-moved-to.html

A Bureaucracy Autocracy has been constructed with stealth

Sir, below I quote from Didi Kuo’s review of Moisés Naím’s “The Revenge of Power”, “How the world has been ‘made safe for autocracy’” Washington Post, April 24.

“Today’s autocrats are savvy, with new stratagems fit for a world upended by technological change. They exploit, and sow, distrust in experts, authorities, the media. They manufacture truth, invent enemies and use legal pretexts to consolidate power.”

The regulators in the Basel Committee for Banking Supervision, launched Basel I in 1988. In order to “save” our banks from that “enemy” of excessive risk-taking, these “savvy” experts concocted risk weighted bank capital/equity requirements; and for which they decreed weights of 0% the government and 100% citizens.

That translated effectively into banks being able to leverage much more their capital/equity with  e.g., Treasuries, than with loans to citizens. That has made it much easier for banks to obtain desired risk-adjusted returns on equity with Treasuries, than with any private sector assets. That de facto implies that bureaucrats know better what to do with credit for which repayment they’re not personally responsible for, than e.g., small businesses and entrepreneurs

You don’t need to take my word on it. Paul A. Volcker, in his 2018 autobiography “Keeping at it” which he penned together with Christine Harper, valiantly confessed: “Assets for which bank capital requirements were nonexistent, were what had most political support: sovereign credits. A simple ‘leverage ratio’ discouraged holdings of low-return government securities”

Add to that central banks’ QEs, which primarily includes the purchase of government debt, and the empowernment of a non-transparent Bureaucracy Autocracy becomes evident. 

If that is not a prime example of “what Naím terms stealthocracy: a way of maintaining the architecture of liberal democracy while gutting accountability” what is?

Sir, as a Venezuelan just like Naím I too heard Hugo Chavez with concern and dislike. But, just like Venezuela’s centralized oil revenue curse has allowed truly bad autocrats to remain entrenched even when the walls are tumbling down, what I now most fear, is that world wide easy-government-money curse. 

Let me also remind you Washington Post, that none of the excessive bank exposures that resulted in major crises, or bubbles that have burst, have ever been built up with assets perceived as risky, always with what was perceived as safe.

I could go on and on, but let me end with two questions:

The Founding Fathers of the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave, what would they have opined about the Federal Reserve decreeing risk weights of 0% the Federal Government and 100% We the People?

Where would America be today, if its immigrants centuries ago, had been met by this type of risk averse regulations?

PS. My first ever Op-Ed, in the Daily Journal of Caracas, was on the theme of bank regulations. 

PS. An example of how the Bureaucracy Autocracies work.

PS. I have recently enlisted #AI ChatGPT - OpenAI to help me fight the Bureaucracy Autocracy. "What would you opine of risk weighted bank capital requirements with risk weights assigned for political reasons?"

Here's a letter the Washington Post published August 2023. It refers to Paul Volcker’s valiant courageous and honorable confession on what happened 1988. Thanks @PostOpinions for not ignoring it.

Don’t divide America’s children into those with poor or better off parents.

Sir, I refer to your editorial “A disaster for poor people” WP, January 30, 2022.

I’m from an oil-cursed nation, Venezuela, and I’m convinced that if all its net oil revenues, had been shared out equally to all its citizens, instead of empowering redistribution profiteering, my homeland would not be in the so sad shape it is today.

Therefore, when I read about child-tax credit being “strictly mean-tested to reduce the program’s high costs” my immediate reaction is to propose paying out those child benefits to all children, whether rich or poor, and if you need to help cover the fiscal costs, make those benefits taxable.

More important, those benefits would then be considered belonging to American children, and not just to the children of the poor Americans.

PS. http://theoilcurse.blogspot.com/2008/09/my-minimum-minimorum-on-exiting-iraq.html

@PerKurowski

No remittances without representation!

 The June 8 news article "In Guatemala, Harris offers stern words on corruption" reported extensively on Vice President Harris's travel to Guatemala, where the United States, by offering financial cooperation, hopes to reduce the flow of illegal migration from Central America and stimulate better behaviors, e.g., less corruption.

Though those financial contributions are indeed important, they are peanuts when compared with the remittances sent home by the migrant workers. The reality is that what the migrant workers from many Central American nations earn abroad is often much more than the gross domestic product of their home countries. The sad reality is that their remittances help to keep in power those ineffective governments that made them immigrate and that keeps them from going home.

If the United States really wants to help, then look to politically empower as much as possible those migrants in their homelands. For instance, should they not have an important direct representation in their respective congresses? No remittances without representation!

http://theamericanunion.blogspot.com/2021/06/no-remittances-without-representation.html

All we are saying is give “herd immunity” a chance

A letter published by the Washington Post:

Regarding Tom Frieden’s Oct. 19 op-ed, “Pursuing ‘herd immunity’ is the reckless, dead-wrong solution”:

Roughly 90 percent of all novel coronavirus deaths will occur in those 60 years of age and older. Equally roughly 90 percent of the virus’s social and economic consequences will be paid by those younger than 60. That presents us with an intergenerational conflict of monstrous proportions.

In this respect, and though of course I do not propose a reckless “pursuit” of “herd immunity,” especially by we elders, I hold that if there’s a small chance there could be such a thing out there, and if effective and abundant vaccines are not guaranteed to appear in a very short term, we have no right to stand in the way of it finding us. Doing so would be, and I feel it already is, a shameful violation of that holy intergenerational social contract Edmund Burke spoke about.

PS. If John Lennon had still been alive, he would have been 80, and I’m sure he would agree with the title of this post

PS. July 27, 2020, I had tweeted: “Sweden kept all schools until 9th grade open. Parents of children in 9th grade are almost always less than 50 years of age. In Sweden, as of July 24, out of 5,687 Coronavirus deaths 71, 1.2%, were younger than 50 years.

Conclusion: Keep schools open, keep older teachers at home and have grandparents refrain from hugging their grandchildren. Disseminating data on COVID-19 without discriminating by age, is in essence misinformation.”

PS. March 22, 2021 I tweeted: Georges Clemenceau’s “War is too serious a matter to entrust to military men” could be updated to: “A Covid-19 response ‘is too serious a matter to entrust’ to epidemiologists”

PS. Let us not forget that while searching for herd immunity, some might also be fighting the herd-docility some few want to impose on all of us.

PS. The Supreme Court, the Legislative, the Executive, top military & other prominent Americans, during the State of the Union, wore no masks. In the supermarket, days after, over 90% there, me included, wore masks. Seems Herd Docility is stronger than Herd Immunity :-(

            Winston Churchill on herd immunity? 

On schools in Covid-19 times

Financial and other escape valve in times of Covid-19

Researchers found that the death rate among more than 5,000 Covid-19 patients in the system’s three hospitals, dropped from 25.6 percent in March to 7.6 percent in August.

PS. ChatGPT: Is informing about the mortality rate of a virus without discriminating it by age misinformation?

The capacity to borrow at reasonable rates is a strategic sovereign asset

In his April 13 op-ed, "How economists led us astray," Robert J. Samuelson wrote, "What we conveniently overlooked was the need to preserve our borrowing power for an unknown crisis that requires a huge infusion of federal cash."

Yes, the capacity to borrow at a reasonable interest rate (or the seigniorage when printing money) is a very valuable strategic sovereign asset, and it should not be squandered away by benefiting the members of the current generations or with some nonproductive investments. 

So, when public borrowings are authorized, that should require Congress being upfront that a part of that borrowing capacity is being consumed, which has a cost, and give an indication of who (children or grandchildren born what year) are expected to have to pay back that debt.

Mr. Samuelson also referred to "low dollar interest rates [that] will keep down the costs of servicing the debt." Sadly, those current "low dollar interest rates" are artificial rates, much subsidized in that since 1988, with Basel I regulations, banks are not required to hold any capital against Treasuries, and of course subsidized by the Federal Reserve purchasing huge quantities of Treasuries.

PS. A reverse mortgage on our children’s and grandchildren’s future

http://unsustainabledebtsustainability.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-capacity-to-borrow-at-reasonable.html

Misunderstanding socialism

The heartbreaking Aug. 9 front-page article “Venezuela’s most vulnerable join the exodus” referred to Venezuela as a “disintegrating socialist state.” I am not a socialist but I have friends who are, and I know many of them have difficulties accepting that in reality, they were hoodwinked by criminals who, because it provided them cover, marketed themselves as socialists to lay their hands on Venezuela’s enormous centralized oil revenue, which many years represented 97 percent of all its exports.

Analysts said some European nations “consider the Venezuelan crisis, in contrast, a remote and politically driven byproduct of the standoff between the Trump administration and [President Nicolás] Maduro that is less likely to affect them.” That is part of the problem, as too many leaders in Europe still have Che Guevara T-shirts.

When the poorest 40 percent in Venezuela received less than 15 percent of what they should have had Venezuela’s net oil revenue been shared equally, as in Alaska, how can that be socialist? When gas is sold at less than one-millionth times the price of milk, how can that be socialist?

U.S. sanctions? Yes, on the margin they might make some things harder, but they would still explain much less than 1 percent of Venezuela’s sufferings.

Per Kurowski, Rockville

PS. The "[President Nicolás]" was inserted by WP, they placed it within brackets, for me Venezuela's legitimate President is currently Juan Guaidó. 

A letter published in the Washington Post August 12, 2019

Trade wars will mean new tariffs

There is another tariff war that is being dangerously ignored 

The July 6 editorial "A splendid little tariff war?" rightly held that "tariffs create all sort of inefficiencies, unintended consequences and uncertainty."

The risk-weighted capital requirements for banks also translate de facto into subsidies and tariffs, which have resulted in a too much-ignored allocation of bank credit war. 

One consequence is that those perceived as risky, such as entrepreneurs, have their access to bank credit made more difficult than usual, and our economy suffers. Another is that by promoting excessive exposures to what is especially dangerous, because it is perceived as safe, against especially little capital, guarantees that when a bank crisis results, it will be especially bad. 

In terms of Mark Twain's supposed saying, these regulations have bankers lending out the umbrella faster than usual when the sun shines and wanting it back faster than usual when it looks like it is going to rain.

Letter published in the Washington Post

A 2019 letter on this issue to the Executive Directors and Staff of the International Monetary Fund.

Dialoguing in 2025 with ChatGPT and Grok about trade tariffs vs. bank regulation tariffs.

Would not those willing to cut taxes belong to the anti-Sheriff of Nottingham party?

Sir, E.J. Dionne JR refers to the Republican Party that “only knows how to cut taxes for the very rich”, as “The anti-Robin Hood party”, Washington Post October 2, 2017.

I do not want to enter the discussion of whether taxes should be lowered or raised, but I do believe there  is a fundamental mistake in the terminology used.

As I remember it was the Sheriff of Nottingham who served as Prince John's chief enforcer, collecting unlimited taxes from the people of Nottingham, and forcing Robin Hood and Little John to take refuge in the Sherwood Forest, where they did no one harm, much the contrary... ask friar Tuck.

For each drone kill, the “home of the brave” might become more vulnerable.

I refer to Karen J. Greenberg’s review of Grégoire Chamayou’s “A theory of the drone”, Washington Post’s Outlook of March 22.

In it Greenberg writes: “Drones are the opposite of warfare… a warrior culture in which readiness to kill has been inseparable from the willingness to die. With drones the ethics of warrior cultures have been superseded, and the warriors have turned into invulnerable, cold-hearted executioners.”

As to “invulnerable”, I am not sure. For each drone kill, as opposed to a combat kill, the executioner distances himself more and more from the real world, and so becomes perhaps more and more vulnerable to it. What we already so often hear about “not wishing boots on the ground” might be just an appetizer of things to come.

Currently many kids, by the web, walk the whole world, but rarely set their feet out in the real world. Others have no access to the web, but keep on learning how to fight it out on the streets. When push comes to shove, who are going to prevail… those handy with drones, or those handy with pliers able to cut the power lines off?

@PerKurowski

PS. My father would never have been liberated without corageous boots on the ground

A letter not published L

Another 'worst': Faulty bank regulation

Another 'worst': Faulty bank regulation 

The Dec. 20 Outlook compilation of the decade’s worst ideas did not include the one most to blame for the loss of most of the past decade’s growth: regulations that allowed banks to hold absolute minimums of capital as long as they lent to clients or invested in instruments rated AAA, for having no risk. This launched a frantic race to find AAA-rated investments wherever and finally took the markets over the cliff of the subprime mortgages. 

The most horrific part is that it seems likely to endure because regulators can’t seem to let go of this utterly faulty regulatory paradigm. Let me remind you that banks are allowed to hold zero capital when lending to sovereign countries rated AAA and that there are already many reasons to think that the credit quality of many sovereign states has been more than a bit overrated.

https://subprimeregulations.blogspot.com/2010/05/letter-in-washington-post.html

A letter in Washington Post: An Aspect of the Bubble

An Aspect of the Bubble

The June 17 installment in the front-page series "The Bubble," though comprehensive, missed one vital piece of the subprime mortgage puzzle. The accompanying glossary defined a "credit rater" as "a company that Wall Street and investors rely upon" to provide analysis but did not tell us that a credit rater's credibility is foremost based on the rater's having been appointed by bank regulators. This arrangement sent the market the loud, clear and false message that risks could be precisely measured and that these entities were capable of carrying out this mission.

Nothing whetted the appetite for securities collateralized with plainly lousy mortgages as much as the combination of high returns and prime credit ratings. Using a regulatory system for banks that is based on following the credit rating agencies will, given that it is human to err, lead us into even greater danger.

https://subprimeregulations.blogspot.com/2008/06/a-letter-in-washington-post-aspect-of.html

A letter in the Washington Post: "An Aspect of the Bubble"

An Aspect of the Bubble

The June 17 installment in the front-page series "The Bubble," though comprehensive, missed one vital piece of the subprime mortgage puzzle. The accompanying glossary defined a "credit rater" as "a company that Wall Street and investors rely upon" to provide analysis but did not tell us that a credit rater's credibility is foremost based on the rater's having been appointed by bank regulators. This arrangement sent the market the loud, clear and false message that risks could be precisely measured and that these entities were capable of carrying out this mission.

Nothing whetted the appetite for securities collateralized with plainly lousy mortgages as much as the combination of high returns and prime credit ratings. Using a regulatory system for banks that is based on following the credit rating agencies will, given that it is human to err, lead us into even greater danger.

Four Years and Counting in Iraq: Regarding "Lessons of War"

Regarding "Lessons of War"

The Post should be commended for not describing the extremely difficult way forward in simplistic terms. Having said that, the editorial should have given more attention to the role of oil, not because of its obvious energy significance but because it is an obstacle to good governance in Iraq.

The editorial said, "We may have underestimated the impoverishment brought about by misrule and sanctions and the brutalization born of totalitarian cruelty." But the sentence should have continued: ". . . that thrives especially well in countries cursed by large amounts of oil revenue flowing to a central government, eliminating any chance for a sustainable democracy."

Coming from Venezuela, where oil revenue is centralized, I know that loyalties to country, tribe and sect are all irrelevant compared with the unnatural loyalty that can be purchased by those in control of a checkbook fattened by oil. If the United States wants to achieve anything going forward, it had better find a way to distribute Iraq's oil revenue directly to the Iraqi people.

Per Kurowski

Bethesda

Published in Washington Post

PS. Here my minimum minimorum suggestion on when exiting Iraq

We must build more McPrisons

We must build more McPrisons

Have you heard someone say that one country is 30% fairer than another? Of course not. Justice, situated on a continuum that goes from its total absence to Divine Justice, is very difficult to measure. Injustices are easier to identify and we all know that in most of our countries, prisons represent one of the worst.

To make the best possible use of scarce resources, it is important to be able to measure results and in this sense judicial reforms in many of our countries, sometimes financed with the help of multilateral entities, could advance faster by focusing on eliminating injustices. , for example by improving prison facilities, than by seeking justice by investing in courts.

In the first weeks of 2007 we have already been shocked with news about 16 prisoners killed in a fight in Venezuela and another 20 in El Salvador. Since the judges are very aware that the conditions in prisons are so shameful that they can even resemble those of a Nazi extermination camp, we sometimes wonder if the judges themselves should not be sued before the International Court of Justice. , for his crimes against humanity.

When we then observe how so many people who come from Central America are returned by the United States to their countries of origin, due to having committed some criminal act, even knowing that those countries do not have the necessary resources to face that problem and even less achieve the social rehabilitation of the prisoner, it is clear that we find ourselves immersed in a criminally vicious circle.

To get out of this centrifuge-of-terror, the United States should then help the countries of Central America to build and operate better prisons. Such collaboration could be effected by some states keeping prisoners in a prison in Central America, rather than in California, Virginia, or Maryland.

Today, in the U.S. There are about 2.2 million prisoners, many of whom are from Central America and each of them can cost their respective state between 30,000 to 20,000 dollars annually, depending on whether the prisons are public or are being operated by private companies. The above shows the immense win-win potential that exists in a proposal that, at the same time as managing to introduce modern prisons in Central America, makes it easier for the states of this country to achieve their fiscal balances.

The aforementioned prisons, which would be operated by specialized companies on the basis of strict quality certifications, such as ISO 9000 and supervised by independent organizations, could, once the investment has been amortized with the income from providing services to the United States, be transferred to the United States. governments of Central America.

In the same way that McDonald's-type franchises managed to transfer better service standards to many developing countries, McCárceles would help improve prison systems, educating specialized personnel and establishing points of comparison that stimulate the much-needed sense of the shame.

Translated by Goggle from an article in El Tiempo Latino of the Washington Post

It all originated here https://perkurowski.blogspot.com/2009/09/mcprison.html